Book Review on Chinese Cinderella: the Secret Story of an Unwanted Daughter

1 Book review on Chinese Cinderella: The Secret Story of an Unwanted Daughter By Caren Shin In wealthy families, babies are born with a silver spoon in their mouths. Not quite for Adeline. In fact, the recount of Adeline Yen Mah’s childhood is a relatively sad one even though her father was a millionaire. She was seen as bad luck to the family as her mother died after giving birth to her. She is always frowned upon by her older and younger siblings, neglected by her father and scolded by her stepmother. She has to learn to depend on herself as there was often no one to help her. The story reveals the two sides of her family: on the surface it is friendly and caring, while inside one can realize how the children are really treated by their stepmother Niang. As the youngest of five children from her father’s first marriage, Adeline has to suffer many blows because every one looks down on her especially when she receives her father’s praise. Adeline’s main reason for her love of school was to be away from her stepmother so that she could become a different person that was admired by her peers as she topped her class regularly. Her whole personality changed when she was away from her Niang and with someone that knew her from the heart; her friend Wu Chung-Mei, her Ye Ye and Aunt Baba. At age eight, Adeline was given a duckling, the only one left after all her siblings had picked their choice. Although it was not the best duckling, she still loved it dearly and treasured every opportunity that she could get with it. She named it Precious Little Duckling (PLT). I think this illustrates her love for her pet and that she was pleased that her siblings had left her one. It also gives a comparison of how each sibling is treated by their parents. Since she was the youngest and the least likely to make a fuss, her big brother took her duckling when her father ordered him to test the obedience training of his dog Jackie. Adeline immediately sensed her duckling’s fate; she knew that PLT was going to die. When Jackie’s demonstration of obedience was over, PLT was bleeding and passed away next morning. Adeline and her third brother buried PLT under a magnolia tree. Adeline was saddened by the above incidence and recalled every time when she sensed the presence of a magnolia, she would remember PLT. I feel this demonstrates the love she felt for PLT and how heartbreaking the experience as. Throughout this passage of the story, I envision there are many emotions often shown as colours that were being pressed into Adeline’s mind: white, yellow, black and brown. I have chosen these colours because white represents the magnolias, yellow symbolizes the feathers of PLT, black for the grim horror that happened, and br own for the eyes of PLT and the earth on top of PLT’s grave. When Adeline became a sixth former at Sheng Xin (Sacred Heart) Primary School, a democratic election was held in their class to see who would be their class president and head girl of the whole school. She teamed up with her friend Wu Chun-Mei who won the election for her. On her triumphant day, many of her supporters went to her house to give her presents. Her father and Niang were very upset and annoyed at the fact that Adeline’s friends were at their house, disturbing them. When she was called to her father’s room for the cause for all her friends to be there, Adeline did not know. Niang did not believe her and slapped her making her nose bleed. In front of all her friends (with blood still dripping down her face) she told them to go away because her father was sleeping. Then she was told to open all her presents in front of her parents and throw them all in the rubbish bin. I experience the sadness she has felt when she was 2 humiliated by her stepmother. Adeline must have had a determination not to show her weakness by crying. After this incident, Niang ordered her to pack all her things as Adeline, Niang and her father were going to Tianjin on an airplane. As she was on the plane, they had to fill out landing cards. Adeline’s father forgot Adeline’s Chinese name and her date of birth. Since her father had forgotten her Chinese name, Adeline felt deeply hurt as her father confused her name with her little sister’s. This meant that her father had forgotten all about her and had only remembered her little sister, even though she was his real daughter. I feel dreadful at the thought that her father could forget her name. Her date of birth became her father’s; November 30 because her date of birth was unknown. In this story of Adeline Yen Mah’s childhood life, I felt many ups and downs and how she might have felt. It was surprising to see a girl like Adeline being humiliated in front of her friends who wanted to support her. If I were in her shoes, I would feel scared and frightened because the supporters might not support me anymore because they had known of the family ugliness. I think that this family ugliness was hidden from other people seeing it by Niang and Adeline’s father. To prove this point, when Niang met other people, she wanted them to know that the family only had her two children. She kept the five children from her husband’s first marriage in the dark, thus swerving Adeline’s father into forgetting his former wife’s younger children including Adeline. Her father and Niang went with Adeline to Tianjin and left her as a border in St Joseph’s School. At first, there were many people attending the school but soon Adeline was the only student left in the whole school. All of them fled from the communist army. I feel how she must have felt in these circumstances as no one was bothered to look after her while she was the only student. She would feel bewildered and frightened at the same time as she was being punished from negligence by her father and stepmother. During this story I feel Adeline’s sadness, despair and happy moments. I feel very grateful that I am in a different family and that I did not have to go through what Adeline had to undergo. The story of her childhood is a very sad one, but I hope that other children do not have to suffer the same case as she did. Her life had many hopeful and downhearted moments she had and only determination helped her live through this dark period. Encouragement from her Aunt Baba and her Ye Ye was the only source to give her the strength to be a good scholar and prove her Niang wrong. In this story, Adeline has a message to neglected and unloved children of the world – within every one there is something precious and unique. Her childhood experience brings out the importance of perseverance in life. One must persist to do one’s best when one is hopeless, to have the faith when one’s spirit is down, and to change fears into courage and strength. Everyone of us can be Cinderella and successful as Adeline if we hold her belief that â€Å"one single positive dream is more important than a thousand negative realities. † END

Not My Best Side Essay

Fanthrope’s poem is divided into to three separate parts as the points of view of the three different characters. The first part is told fromà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½9 the dragon (or â€Å"the monster†)’s point of view, here the author used personification, providing the dragon with feelings and an opinion of his own, therefore giving him human-like features; he’s feeling a bit cantankerous towards the artist who painted him given that he didn’t give him a chance to pose properly thus only portraying his ‘bad’ side. Furthermore, he’s saddened by the thought that the other characters aren’t taking him seriously, he generates the idea that the fact that his â€Å"victim† (the girl) only holds him by a flimsy string is a way of emasculating him or taking away his pride in a way. The second part in the perspective of the girl being rescued and in this case, the author gives it a bit of a twist because the reader would normally expect the girl to want to be saved from the horrible monster, but she doesn’t! In fact, she’s actually mad at the knight for trying to save her because she was enjoying the dragon’s company; instead of being terrified of the monster she finds him â€Å"nicely physical and sexy† Finally, she doubts the credibility and attractiveness of the knight and says she prefers the dragon. The last part of the poem is from the standpoint of the knight who’s stabbing the dragon and trying and save the princess in danger. He feels offended that the princess doesn’t want to be saved by him even though he has diplomas in â€Å"Dragon Management and Virgin Reclamation†, his horse is the latest model and he has all the newest, safest and coolest artillery and armour. Windows of wonderment (My own version of Not My Best Side) Part 1- I still wait for him everyday. Mother holds me up against the cold hard window pane while I stare infinitely into the open space in front of me. I gaze upon our driveway hoping to see his car drive in, to hear the soft clacking of his shoes, the gentle wheezing of his breath or the breezy tone of his words. Mother sighs and looks away while a single tear trickles down her left cheek; I pretend not to notice whilst she hastily wipes it away and lets out a tiny sniffle. Everyday I purposely put together excuses, explanations, to reason his agonizing absence; I foolishly blame myself, my poor mother and yet every time I regrettably come to the same conclusion, it’s not our fault. By now, I know I should know better but I still have hope, that someday he’ll come back to us, someday I’ll see have face again, his deep blue eyes and his smooth silk-like skin, but until he does I’ll just repeat the same excruciating ritual of waiting, waiting and forever wondering. Part 2- I still hold him up against the window. I know I shouldn’t, and it will only make everything worst but I still do. Every time, his little face lights up and that constant frown that lingers upon his face seams to disappear. Just for a few seconds, his hope is restored, as he stares out to the unknown. I can see his mind drifting off, the wheels in his head turning, trying to come up with any and every possible explanation for his father’s absence, but it’s when he’s smacked across the face by the bitter truth of reality that his expression abruptly changes back to what it was, and the only words circling his mind are â€Å"he’s not coming†. I know I should protect him from such pain and suffering, but what’s a pitiable mother to do when her permanently scarred son keeps reaching out for the affection of that devil-like brute he calls his father? It’s not fair on him, or me. The dream of a normal life is lost alongside with hope, trust and belief. This is the pain of abandonment that leaves an innocent child hopelessly enduring pain and suffering, waiting, waiting and forever wondering.

Tattos Descriptive

Ana Castillo Mrs. Elliott English 11 9 October 2012 Descriptive Essay: Tattoos Tattoos are created by inserting colored materials beneath the skins surface. The skin is penetrated with a sharp too. Today colored ink and an electric needle are the material and instrument of choice. Today the practice is popular with a vast cross section of the population. Within the United States, tattoos can be found on anybody from gang members to fashion models. The word tattoo comes from the Tahitian word â€Å"tatu† which means â€Å"to mark something†. www. designboom. com) It is arguably claimed that tattooing has existed since 12,000 years BC. Around the year 1981, the first electric tattoo machine was registered by its inventor,Samual O’Reilly, at the United States Patent (it was based on a machine patented by Thomas Edison, but rather than using the tool as a means to embroider fabric, which Edison did, O’Reilly’s tattoo machine as meant to â€Å"embroider † skin). When O’Reilly invested this new machine he didn’t know the whirlwind he would help create in the next years (www. reillytattoo. com). Youth and adolescence is one of the most, significant and influential moments in everyone’s life, when the youth are seeking to identify who they are. Tattooing and body piercing are one of the many ways through which young people express their own unique identity. They are symbolic representations of how they are perceived. When you are young you are trying to find your identity. Most adolescents go through several transitions one of those is more than likely trying to be the cool guy/girl.But it is quite the opposite, because a piercing or tattoo is signifying certain changes in one’s life. It symbolizes adulthood, because you have to be 18 to get pierced or tattooed, or that appearing to be more grown up because you were able to make this life changing decision or just because you’re of the legal ag e and just randomly decided you wanted to get pierced or tattooed. Many people think that tattooing is dangerous. Part of this is because people don’t think that the tattoo artist sterilize their materials.Others believe that tattoos have a high risk of infection. And the most commonly reported problem are allergic reactions. Others feel as though the pain factor is too immense. Although these fears are common they are easily prevented. Most of the people who believe these things aren’t fully informed with information. The sterilization process for the materials used is extremely important. This reduces risks of several things including infection and disease.When people think of sterilization and risk factors concerning tattoos they have more concerns with disease then infection. This is because of the many myths that contracting AIDS or hepatitis B virus is likely. Many people do not know that there has been an actual reported case of contracting the aids virus is abo ut two drops, which is too much compare to the amount of blood on a non-sterilized needle. So, basically the odd of contracting aids is very rare (tattotemple. hk).Society has a tendency of negatively judging those who have tattoos or piercings. They are often stereotyped as bad people or even criminals. They are seen as lower than â€Å"clean† skin people even though you cannot judge someone’s inside based on their outside appearance. When people see an individual with â€Å"full sleeves† meaning someone with both or one arm fully tatted, a common comment that you might hear is, â€Å"I wonder what he/she works as, I bet you it’s a low wage paying job† or something similar.But next time you in for a visit with your doctor think about what you may not be able to see. They might have a tattoo, but you cannot see underneath their lab coat. Tattoos are simply a visual way of expressing your freedom of speech. Works Cited â€Å"A Brief History of Tatt oos† (2000-2010) http://www. designboom. com/history/tattoo_history. html Pang, Joey â€Å"Study At the Temple: Masterpiece Library† http://tattootemple. hk/history-of-tattooing O’Reilly, Samuels â€Å"Beginning Times† () http://www. oreillystattoo. com/OReillys_Tattoo_Parlour/Home. html

Grocery Store Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Grocery Store Report - Essay Example Nutritionally Adequate Diet The menu for breakfast is just oats and fruits and hot cocoa mix. The oats is fiber food good for detoxicating body. Another requirement for good and proper diet is fruits. I choose cocoa milk for drinks because it is healthier than that of a coffee. The following are the preferred food choices for breakfast good for two weeks: Quaker crunchy oatmeal squares with brown sugar cereal 16oz: $4.95 x 2 = $9.90 Del Monte Peach halves in heavy syrup 15.25oz: $2.15 x 2 = $4.30 Del Monte Pear halves in 100% pure juice 15oz: $2.22 x 2 = $4.44 Del Monte Pineapple tidbits in 100% pure juice 4pk: $3.09 x 2 = $6.18 Nestle chocolate caramel hot cocoa mix 8pk: $1.99 x 2 = $3.98 Total: $28.8 Lunch and dinner will be prepared with rice meal and a choice between water and soda. I believe it is bad if we deprive ourselves with soft drinks. A happy meal is a healthy meal. It would not hurt us if we include soda in our menu. Our meal will be choice of protein foods chicken brea st, pork chops, and roast beef. Our body needs a complete meal. The carbohydrates and proteins are provided by meat and rice.

Business Analysis Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Analysis Report - Essay Example The result is that these people have to use three different systems to do their work. Another supplier of case recording system has approached the manager of the new YOS with a view to supplying a system. The manager is interested in getting more information in relation to the current system as well as the details relating to the new supplier’s system. The findings of the investigation should be reviewed and assessed in order to facilitate a comparison of both options; their long term operational impact as well as their financial impact. A comparison should be done of both options to determine the efficiency with which each system can be operated as well as their likely financial impact on the organisation. The system which is comparatively more operationally efficient and more cost effective should be chosen. If one is more cost effective but not more operationally efficient - a cost benefit analysis would be required to determine the long term impact on the organisation. This task requires a skilled and knowledgeable business analyst with proven experience in the area. Holmes (2007) indicates that skilled and knowledgeable business analysts play a key role in tasks such as these as they are able to do the necessary investigation to better understand end users and other important information. Holmes, B. (2007). Importance of Business Analysis in Development and Implementation of Court Systems. Technology Experience Bulletin, TEB: 2007-04. [Online] Available at www.citoc.org/docs/teb-analysis.pdf. [Accessed 9th march

Merchant of Vinice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Merchant of Vinice - Essay Example One of the central characters (Shylock) is a money lending Jew. Many Christians during the time in which this play took place believed that money lending was a sin so it was relatively common for Jews to participate in this activity. At the time of the play’s setting, Venice was an exceedingly wealthy city which was funded largely by trade, which meant that money lending was somewhat of a â€Å"Necessary evil†. For the purpose of this paper, avarice will pertain to the sin of excess and the desire to gain more material wealth. It could be argued that the character of Shylock is guilty of the sin of Avarice by the very nature of his profession. As highlighted earlier, the simple lending of money for the purpose of collecting interest was in itself a form of greed. Antonio leant money at zero interest partially to undermine Shylock’s business but also because gaining from other peoples transactions was viewed as sinful. However, Shylock went beyond earning simple interest and it was made abundantly clear that he revered money and often collected high rates of interest. It is the case that envy pertains to an insatiable desire that applies to more than just material wealth, as well as resenting something that somebody else has. It is upon this foundation that it could be argued that Shylock is guilty of the sin of envy insofar as he celebrated at the sinking of the massive fleet while out at sea. Moreover Shylock was also envious of how the law ended up favoring Antonio. Finally it could be argued that because Shylock was often reviled for being a Jew he was envious of the relative freedom that Christians were able to enjoy. Finally this paper will conclude with a discussion on how Shylock was guilty of the sin of wrath. For the purpose of this report, Wrath will refer to some sort of uncontrolled feelings of rage. Probably the most obvious example would be how Shylock demanded

Patrimony controversy of the Treasure of Troy Research Paper

Patrimony controversy of the Treasure of Troy - Research Paper Example Heinrich’s ease with which he learned different languages enabled him to land a good job in an import export firm. It was there that he acquired a small fortune that enabled him to start on his dream of finding the city of Troy where he believed; he would get Priam’s treasure (Krystek). However, according to many archeologists Heinrich was not considered that much of an archeologist and they claimed that it was due to luck that he even acquired the treasures. Heinrich started his excavations in 1871 using â€Å"The lliad† as a map to guide him in Hissarlick. He however had to sign an agreement with the Turkish government promising to give them a percentage of the treasures. In 1873 Heinrich found treasure there that included golden earrings, necklaces, pots of silver, gold and other items such as gold diadems believed to have been worn by queens and princesses. He also found the mask of Agamemnon in Mycenae, in Greece. Most of this treasure was believed to be own ed by King Priam who ruled Troy. He, however, left Turkey with the treasure without giving the government anything and was later sued and was fined $5000, which he gladly paid ten times over since he needed to dig for more treasures (Krystek). The whole troy treasure controversy, which dates as early as 1880, was brought about by Heinrich himself, who first discovered it in troy then smuggled it to Greece. Later during his old age he decided, he needed a permanent home for the Treasure of Troy and donated it to a museum in Berlin, Germany where it stayed till 1945 (Meyer). It was then lost in the Second World Wa

Contemporary Issues in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Contemporary Issues in Business - Essay Example In fact, planning is not about predicting the future, but preparing for it disregarding the fact of which future will eventually come true (Wade, 2012, p.31). Therefore, scenario planning is about trying to formulate plans that are addressing the what-if scenarios in the future (Hill and Jones, 2009, p.26). It is therefore easy to understand that scenario planning is a used tool for flexible long-term plans, which also allows decision makers to understand the nature and impact of uncertainties that affect the world (Northumbria University, 2014). This technically does not mean forecasting the future, but eventually preparing for the future to come based on the possible scenarios to take place. After all, scenarios are considered to be as strong supports for strategic planning (Zahradnickova and Vacik, 2014, p.665). The reason why there is a need to prepare for the future with various plans addressing the what-if concerns is due to the fact that the business environment is affected by many forces. This leads to the point that in the actual business, scenario planning is considered as an analytical tool that allows the business people to prepare things in the future, because it allows them to develop a framework that can lead them further to develop visions for the future as they analyse the environmental forces in the environment that can hinder growth. In the business environment, an organisation is faced with various forces such as politics, economics, social, economics, technological and legal concerns. These are important factors that could substantially affect the business outcomes. In the first place, there are various cases by which the success of an organisation depends on the prevailing legal concerns in an organisation. On the other hand, the success of a certain brand for instance ma y depend on the prevailing social trend that people accept in the society.

Blame Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Blame - Essay Example The consequentialist theory holds that the moral rightness or ethicality of the act can only be determined by the actual consequences that the act yields (Armstrong). Also, the rules applicable to the acts of same kind or motivation behind the act, also determine the moral rightness of the act. If the consequences are good for the people than the act is also good. Based on the consequentialist theory, the terrorist’s actions held no moral rightness or ethicality as their acts directly resulted in the killing of thousands of people and indirectly it resulted in creating an atmosphere of fear for the Americans, and discrimination for the people of same ethnic and geographical background. Although all Muslims, be they devout or not, are not responsible for such actions and do not hold such enmity against Americans, yet, the actions of the terrorists resulted in reflecting upon the whole Muslim community. Which gives rise to the blame that if the actions of the terrorists were not morally right so are the actions of the people who discriminate against the Muslims or the Arabs are wrong; as being part of a learned civilization they should

How can the growth of investments in renewable energy to achieve Dissertation

How can the growth of investments in renewable energy to achieve higher energy efficiency levels impact on world oil prices and - Dissertation Example Therefore, this study aims to determine whether or not the increased investment on renewable energy resources could literally affect the movements of the world market prices of oil. Likewise, this study will determine how massive investments made on the development of renewable energy resources can affect the economic growth of OECD countries. Research Method: A one-on-one personal interview with a couple of experts in finance and economics was conducted to know more about the impact of an increased investment in renewable energy on the world market prices of oil and the economic growth of OECD counties. Research Findings: Due to high market demand for oil, increasing the overall investment on renewable energy resources will not trigger the world market price of oil to decrease. Furthermore, the massive investment on renewable energy resources can somehow create a positive impact on the future economic growth of the OECD countries. However, serious considerations should be made befor e investing a large sum of money on a specific project. Conclusion: To increase the socio-economic benefits and return on investments (ROI) of renewable energy projects, this study concludes that strong support coming from the local people, the government, and the developers of renewable energy resources is essential. ... Table of Contents Acknowledgement ............................................................................................................... 2 Abstract ................................................................................................................................ 3 Table of Contents ................................................................................................................. 5 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 7 1.1 Purpose of the Study ................................................................................. 7 1.2 Research Objectives .................................................................................. 7 1.3 Research Questions ................................................................................... 8 1.4 Rationale for Selecting the Research Topic .............................................. 8 1.5 Scope and Limitations of the Study .......................................................... 9 2. Literature Review .................................................................................................... 10 2.1 Renewable Energy Resources ................................................................... 10 2.2 Types of Renewable Energy Resources Available in OECD Countries ....................................................................................... 11 2.3 Impact of Renewable Energy Investment on the Economic Growth of OECD Countries ............................................... 18 2.5 Impact of Renewable Energy Resources on Oil Prices ............................. 22 2.6 Reasons that Make it

Socrates, Body and Soul Essay Example for Free

Socrates, Body and Soul Essay In the first part of the Phaedo, Socrates lays out his theory regarding the immortality of the soul. Near the end of this part he breaks down the body and soul and shows us that they are very different in permanence and structure. The body and soul, which are are interlinked when alive and separated at death, are fundamentally different constructs. The dichotomy here is expressed through the argument as opposites of composition, ideal forms, solidity, spirituality, and visibility. Socrates opens the overall discussion at 64c by defining death as separation of the soul from the body while the argument regarding the duality of body and soul is picked up again at the end of 78b with the major premise being whether or not the soul is something that can be scattered. Socrates continues by stating that anything that is non-composite will likely stay in one piece over time, while composite or compound items will eventually break down into individual parts. Furthermore, composite objects are subject to change and â€Å"vary from one time to another† (78c) with things that are static likely being non-composite in nature. Socrates now elects to pull in the invisible perfect forms that are the ideals of the corporeal existence. â€Å"The Equal itself, the Beautiful itself, each thing in itself, the real †¦ remain the same and never in any way tolerate any change whatever. † (78d) This is a continuation of a previous line of reasoning that starts at 65d with the introduction of the pure concepts that are partially enumerated as the Beautiful, the Just, and the Good and culminating with the realization that perfect knowledge of these can only be obtained with a total disconnect of the soul from the body. The perfect forms presented are actually assumptions that serve to further the argument along. Our direct existence allows us to experience the particulars of the beautiful such as â€Å"men, horses, clothes, or other such things †¦ and all those which bear the same name as the others. † (78e) These particulars help to form our day to day experience and are always in a constant state of flux with relation to themselves or each other. Socrates goes on to posit that those that are static in nature can be grasped only directly by the mind and are among the invisible. Furthermore, we are to assume that the classes of visible and invisible exist and are real and that the visible is in constant change and the invisible is static in nature. Socrates then establishes the visible and invisible existences and states that the visible is in constant change, while the invisible in absolutely never changes. The argument is further refined at 79c by defining the body and soul as parts that can be split into two separate entities with the body being visible and the soul invisible. Now, at the bottom of 79c, the soul is described as being â€Å"dragged by the body to the things that are never the same, and the soul itself strays and is confused and dizzy as if it were drunk, in so far as it is in contact with that kind of thing. † This is a continuation of the argument near 66a, whereby â€Å"the body confuses the soul and does not allow it to acquire truth and wisdom whenever it is associated with it. † In 79d, Socrates tells us that the soul is akin to the â€Å"pure, ever existing, immortal, and unchanging. † When investigation is done by the soul itself, it enters the spiritual realm and â€Å"will cease straying and only then will it experience wisdom. The logical conclusion of this argument is that â€Å"the soul is altogether more like that which always exists in the same state rather than like that which does not. † (79e) The argument proceeds to lay out the notions of the nature of the divine and the mortal as that of to lead and to follow. Next the body is posited to resemble most closely the mortal and the soul the divine. To summarize the argument , at 80b, Socrates said â€Å"that the soul is most like the divine, deathless, intelligible, uniform, indissoluble, always the same as itself, whereas the body is most like that which is human, mortal, mustiform. Unintelligible, soluble and never consistently the same. † Based on this Socratean argument, the body and soul are fundamentally different constructs. Their properties are diametrically opposite to each other, with the soul being immortal, unchangeable and non-composite. On the other hand, the body is mortal, changeable, and a composite structure. It has been shown that composites really has a risk of blowing away after death, while the soul does not. References Morito, Bruce (2000). Introduction to Philosophy West and East, Study Guide. Athabasca: Athabasca University. Grube, G. M. A. (1977). Plato Phaedo (translation). Indianapolis, Indiana: Hacket Publishing Company, Inc.

Example of Business Report Essay Example for Free

Example of Business Report Essay Executive Summary The purpose of this report was to investigate a student club at a private university in Jakarta, which is called BNEC (Bina Nusantara English Club) at BINUS University. BNEC is a non-profit English organization for undergraduate students of any major studying at BINUS University. Its main purpose is to develop its members’ English skills by providing TOEFL, Debate, Scrabble, Spelling Bee, Public Speaking, and Performing classes. BNEC has actively participated in various national and international competitions. The strengths of this organization can be seen from many national and international achievements that this unit has achieved. The main reason for its success was due to its strong leadership sustainability, which allowed the changing leaders and committees of the unit always manage to accomplish the set targets and goals. Moreover, its tight selection  process for the new members has resulted in highly proficient English participants, readily supporting the arranged activities. Lastly, the high-quality training programs available have contributed to a rigorous and intensive practice of using English for public performances. However, the unit has some areas for improvement. For example, the communication styles between supervisors and subordinates were sometimes problematic, as all participants underwent the learning process of teamwork communication. The unit has also developed a certain degree of arrogance and pride, which even widened the gap between the unit with other lower proficient students studying in the university, and thus developing and strengthening its exclusivity. After taking both strengths and weaknesses into consideration, it is recommended that BNEC should begin to develop more social programs, carefully designed to help their fellow students outside their organization in the university, or even to other marginal members of the society living near the university, to improve their English proficiency and establish BINUS University and its surrounding areas as the English as a Second Language (ESL) area. 1. Introduction 1.1 Purpose The purpose of this report was to investigate a student club at BINUS University, namely BNEC (Bina Nusantara English Club), and recommend a suitable solution to its problems and some suggestions for its future development. 1.2 Scope When investigating BNEC, it was important to consider its current conditions in terms of its organizational structure, management/leadership style, materials development, marketing/promotion, programs and training. 1.3 Method The information used in this report was collected by having some interviews with personnel in BNEC, including the chairman, secretary, treasurer, promotion team, program coordinators, and some members. 1.4 Limitations PICs and members were sometimes difficult to meet Important information is difficult to collect †¦. 1.5 Assumptions It has been assumed that BNEC has not proved effective and efficient in running the organization. As the members actively participate in its programs and activities, it has been assumed that the implementation of its training programs shows little contribution to improving their proficiency levels. As most BNEC programs have generated many awards and prizes, it is assumed that there are still programs that do not result in significant achievements. 1.6 Background BNEC was established in 1992. It is the only English-based student unit at BINUS University. Its main purpose is to develop the member’s English skill by providing TOEFL, Debates, Scrabble, Spelling Bee, Public Speaking, and Performing classes. BNEC also actively participates in a variety of national and international competitions. It has achieved many achievements. Besides these, it is also widely acknowledged for its event organizing. BNEC was awarded The Best Student Organization in 2010, 2011, and 2012 by BINUS University. 2. Findings 2.1 Strengths Strong communication channels among members A variety of programs offered Active and supporting team members †¦. 2.2 Weaknesses Less involved in CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) programs Focused only on one main headquarters, no branches Limited resources for programs development †¦. 3. Discussions 3.1 (Organization Structure) – this is just an example – Generally, BNEC consists of three big departments, which are ‘Information and Development’, ‘Product and Achievement’, and ‘Marketing and Communication.’ Each department has its own unit. In total, BNEC has 12 units, which are managed by the Board of Management. In the author’s perspectives, the way the organization is structured brings out some problems. For example, †¦.. 3.2 (Management and Leadership Style) All Board Management at BNEC are carefully selected, and each of them plays an important role in running the organization. †¦. 3.3 (Resource Development) †¦. 3.4 (Marketing and Promotion) †¦. 3.5 (Programs and Training) †¦ 4. Conclusion After investigating BNEC, it was found that †¦. It is important to consider the long term benefits to the organization when considering which programs or events were best conducted. †¦. The management style had to be easily adaptable for new opportunities such as †¦. †¦. 5. Recommendations and Implementation The findings and conclusion in this report support the following recommendations: The board of management needs to adapt to †¦ Programs need to be developed based on †¦.. Members must have email or online access on their electronic gadgets to enable them to be in contact with the organization at all times All marketing and promotion team should negotiate price and ongoing service agreements with external parties To reduce the organization long term expenses: The organization could investigate the viability of †¦. †¦. Training programs available for members should have the maximum duration of 1.5 months (6 weeks) 6. References http://mybnec.org/view/about.php

Adam And Eve The Duality Of Humanity Religion Essay

Adam And Eve The Duality Of Humanity Religion Essay Paradise Losts Adam is a rational, clever and trustworthy character who has an amazing rapport with the highest power, God. It can even be argued that before he fell, his was the epitome of humanity, as perfect a human as ever existed. He shares this trait with Eve who is the most perfect and complete woman. This view has been reciprocated by many religious denominations but each has interpreted it in their own unique ways; from Calvinists to puritans to Milton each has interpreted the story of Genesis in their own unique way. Like Adam who was perfect, to the belief that eve was flawed, each has built their own mythos around the story of the genesis of mankind. The Adam represented in Miltons Paradise Lost is an exceedingly rational being, and can understand greatly sophisticated and complex ideas nearly instantaneously. However this perfection hides several deep and critical flaws present within his character. His character and insight is demonstrated when after observing Raphaels descent into Eden, Adam orders eve to, go with speed, / And what thy stores contain, bring forth and pour / Abundance, fit to honor and receive / Our Heavnly stranger (V, 313-316). To which Eve answers, Adam, earths hallowed mould, / Of God inspird, small store will serve, where store, / All seasons, ripe for use hangs on the stalk (V, 321-323). These word which at first seem stiff and of an overly formal method, nonetheless helps reveal the relationship of Adam and Eve. Adam is in charge, but his request for Eve to prepare a meal is not in any way dismissive. She understands that and her response, is in accord with that message. This transitory conversation is n ot that of a master and servant but of two people who hold themselves in equal regard. His relationship with Eve is not the only conversation between equals, as he also talks with Raphael as an equal. He converses with the archangel Raphael as an equal both, socially in his standing, and intellectually in his ability to clearly understand the meanings behind the Raphaels words. However this ends after Adams fall from the grace of god. After his fall Adam loses his pure intellect and his rationality leading him to brash and increasingly non-rational actions, stripping him of his ability to converse with the angels as an equal. Adams greatest flaw is his unequivocal love for his wife Eve. He falls I love merely upon seeing her for the first, and even confesses to the archangel Raphael that his attraction is nigh overwhelming. Though warned by Raphael to keep his dangerous emotions in check he completely disregards Raphaels earnest urgings. After Eve eats from the Tree of Knowledge of good and evil, quickly devours a fruit from the same tree in order to prevent him from being separated from her even momentarily. Eve has become an indispensable companion in his life and he will do anything in order to prevent himself from being separated from his only love. His other major weakness is his insatiable curiosity. He manipulates the angel Raphael to extract more information from him, To whom the Patriarch of mankind replid, /O favourable spirit, propitious guest, /Well hast thou taught the way that might direct /Our knowledge, and the scale of Nature set /From center to circumference, whereon/ In contemplation of created things /By steps we may ascend to God. But say, /What meant that caution joind, if ye be found Obedient? Can we want obedience then to him, or possibly his love desert that formd us from the dust, and placd us here full to the utmost measure of what bliss Human desires can seek or apprehend?(Book V 506-518) This suggests a growing attraction to temptation, but like his relationship with Eve this temptation is easily ignored. It is only through Eve that his temptations become truly unavoidable. Created to be Adams mate, Eve can be considered inferior to Adam, but only by a very slight margin. She surpasses Adam only in her beauty. Like the mortal narcissus, she falls in love with her own reflection stilled and entranced by her own beauty. In an ironical sense her beauty her greatest strength is also her greatest flaw. She is easily manipulated by Satan when she is complimented on both her beauty and goodness. But even so it is not her beauty that is tested but her intelligence and spiritual purity. Though she is by no means unintelligent she lacks the ambition and drive to learn more, content to leave all her decisions to Adam as was ordained by God. As a result, she does not advance in either intelligence or in knowledge but remains mostly static, although by the end of the poem she begins to show the seeds of wisdom. Her lack of learning is mostly due to her absence from Raphaels conversations with Adam in Books V, VI, and VII, and her not experiencing Raphaels visions in Books XI and XII. She feels that it is not her place to be present in this discussions but is content to learn from Adam as a third-party. However, Milton is quick to defend her choice as, Yet went she not, as not with such discourse / Delighted, or not capable of her ear / Of what was high: such pleasures she reservd, / Adam relating, she sole Auditress (VIII, 48-51). The only time that she deviates from her mainly passive role, it results in the punishing fall of man. Even so eve does occasionally question Adams choices and ideas. In Book IX, her questioning does lead to temptation, Eve states at the start of Book IX that they can do more work if they work separately. Adam feeling that as Eve was tricked once before Satan when she was alone, resists this idea and refuses to be separated from Eve once more lest she fall once more into temptation. However due to the love he feels for Eve he allows himself to be separated in order to please Eve. This is possibly due only to his love and is not an exercise of his reasonable capabilities. On the other hand, Eve won her argument by cleverly utilizing her few advantages over Adam. Though through her actions she sets herself up to fail by that only together can they resist temptation. However, her character is quite different from the views held by other religious denomination. This fits with the Genesis description that her one major flaw is her curiosity and vanity. She suffers from a need to know that is her one major flaw even in Genesis she cares for him being as she is made to make him happy. Adam is also slightly different in that he is not as confident in himself. However, even more importantly, is the distinct lack of available text to be able extrapolated to provide an adequate portrait of both Adam and Eves general personality. This has not stopped numerous Christian denominations from interpreting her in various fashions. Calvinists believed that Adam was created in such a way he had to sin, predestination. Original sin, therefore, seems to be a hereditary depravity and corruption of our nature, diffused into all parts of the soul, which first makes us liable to Gods wrath, then also brings forth in us those works which Scripture calls works of the flesh (Gal 5:19). And that is properly what Paul often calls sin. The works that come forth from itsuch as adulteries, fornications, thefts, hatreds, murders, carousingshe accordingly calls fruits of sin (Gal 5:19-21), although they are also commonly called sins in Scripture, and even by Paul himself.(Calvin,24) This fits with the general view that it is Adams inherent depravity that prevents him from being able to resist Eve. He accepts the temptation because he too wants the forbidden and to disobey. (Calvin Chap 11, 30It also fits extremely well with their general view of God as a tyrant. This view was unconsciously shared by many members of the Reformation. This belief was predestination or the belief that whether a person will go to heaven or hell is decided before a person is even born. If this fact is taken in consideration with the saga of Adam and Eve it creates the image of a sadistic god who created Adam and Eve only to cause them to fall. In this way it is a reflection of the general attitude held by many Reformationists is that humanity is in general doomed, a nihilist philosophy which either caused a person to believe they were exceedingly blessed or to despair in their spiritual state. Moreover, we say that our pollution is so great, that it can never be washed away save in the fountain of his pure blood. Must not those who are thus addressed conceive a greater horror of sin than if it were said to be wiped off by a sprinkling of good works? If they have any reverence for God, how can they, after being once purified, avoid shuddering at the thought of again wallowing in the mire, and as much as in them lies troubling and polluting the purity of this fountain? I have washed my feet, (says the believing soul in the Song of Solomon, 5:3), how shall I defile them? It is now plain which of the two makes the forgiveness of sins of less value, and derogates from the dignity of justification. They pretend that God is appeased by their frivolous satisfactions; in other words, by mere dross. We maintain that the guilt of sin is too heinous to be so frivolously expiated; that the offense is too grave to be forgiven to such valueless satisfactions; and, therefore, that forgive ness is the prerogative of Christs blood alone. (Calvin, Chap.16, 4) This is important in that Milton represents God as an emotionally distant controlling god. He is not available to be loved, but only held in awe. We can never merit this love only accept the free gift. Milton does not make God approachable as are his Adam and Eve. Therefore, Miltons Adam and Eve are not the Calvinistic fallen and depraved, but men, like ourselves who chose error through faults, but are still with much merit. Throughout time the saga of Adam and Eve has been analyzed and rewoven a multitude of times over the ages Miltons incarnation has earned its pedestal as the supreme mythos of the genesis of mankind, while others have interpreted Adam and eve as chosen of God, the fallen, or as victims of a malevolent god. There is only one thing certain that not much is known of Adam and Eve but much still can be learned from Miltons the relationship between man and woman and the future we can claim.

Pauline Hanson: A True Visionary :: essays research papers

Mr Acting Speaker, in making my first speech in this place, I congratulate you on your election and wish to say how proud I am to be here as the Independent member for Oxley. I come here not as a polished politician but as a woman who has had her fair share of life’s knocks. My view on issues is based on common-sense, and my experience as a mother of four children, as a sole parent, and as a business woman running a fish and chip shop. I won the seat of Oxley largely on an issue that has resulted in me being called a racist. That issue related to my comment that Aboriginals received more benefits than non-Aboriginals. We now have a situation where a type of reverse racism is applied to mainstream Australians by those who promote political correctness and those who control the various taxpayer funded ‘industries’ that flourish in our society servicing Aboriginals, multiculturalists and a host of other minority groups. In response to my call for equality for all Australians, the most noisy criticism came from the fat cats, bureaucrats and the do-gooders. They screamed the loudest because they stand to lose the most—their power, money and position, all funded by ordinary Australian taxpayers. Present governments are encouraging separatism in Australia by providing opportunities, land, monies and facilities available only to Aboriginals. Along with millions of Australians, I am fed up to the back teeth with the inequalities that are being promoted by the government and paid for by the taxpayer under the assumption that Aboriginals are the most disadvantaged people in Australia. I do not believe that the colour of one’s skin determines whether you are disadvantaged. As Paul Hasluck said in parliament in October 1955 when he was Minister for Territories: The distinction I make is this. A social problem is one that concerns the way in which people live together in one society. A racial problem is a problem which confronts two different races who live in two separate societies, even if those societies are side by side. We do not want a society in Australia in which one group enjoy one set of privileges and another group enjoy another set of privileges. Hasluck’s vision was of a single society in which racial emphases were rejected and social issues addressed. I totally agree with him, and so would the majority of Australians.

Shirley Jacksons The Lottery Essay -- The Lottery Essays

â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson has been criticized, but its longevity and durability prove it stands the test of time. In the article, â€Å"Jackson’s The Lottery,† the author A.R. Coulthard finds a deeper meaning in the story which other critics have not. Coulthard believes the story is a â€Å"parable of the evil inherent in human nature† rather than â€Å"an assault on mindless cultural conformity,† as other critics have suggested (Coulthard 226). Coulthard shows how something that most likely began as a primitive and ignorant way to ensure prosperity, evolved into a complete need for sanctioned violence and murder. Coulthard offers valid points to support her argument. Coulthard finds that the actions and demeanor of the villagers are evidence of an underlying enjoyment in the killing. Her analysis shows that the villagers mask their anticipation for the killing under false and thinly veiled social gestures. Coulthard points out the contrast between Mrs. Delacroix and Tessie Hutchinson’s social friendship and how quickly the shallow friendship unravels when Tessie is chosen for the sacrifice. Mrs. Delacroix â€Å"selected a stone so large she had to pick it up with both hands,† which is in stark contrast to how a true friend would behave (Jackson 393). Participation in the lottery causes the villagers to lose the ability to be empathetic and their bonds of family and friendship suffer for it. The lottery encourages them to abandon ties of love and loyalty and tap into the deepest recesses of the darkness that hides in humanity. The lottery does not offer them prosperity, but strips them of all that is good in humanity. The villagers are masked behind the evil that awaits them each year on a sunny day in June. The other 364 da... ...kill too much to mourn inconsequential losses like love, friendship and the bonds of family, community, and humanity. Works Cited Coulthard, A.R. "Jackson's THE LOTTERY." Explicator 48.3 (1990): 226. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. Jackson, Shirley. â€Å"The Lottery† The Story and Its Writer: An Introduction to Short Fiction. 8th ed. Compact. Ann Charters. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2011. 387-393. Print. Jackson, Shirley. "The Morning of June 28, 1948, and â€Å"The Lottery† "The Story and Its Writer: An Introduction to Short Fiction. 8th ed. Compact. Ann Charters. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2011. 950-952. Print.

The White Scourge: Mexicans, Blacks, and Poor Whites in Texas Cotton Culture :: United States History Johnny Cash Essays

The White Scourge: Mexicans, Blacks, and Poor Whites in Texas Cotton Culture On his 2000 studio album, "American III," Johnny Cash sang in a resigned voice, "I got a crib full of corn, and a turnin' plow/ But the ground's to wet for the hopper now/ Got a cultivator and a double tree/ A leather line for the hull and gee/ Let the thunder roll and the lighting flash/ I'm doing alright for Country Trash."* Raised on a cotton farm in Dyess, Arkansas, Cash articulated a racialized class divide not simply among whites and African Americans, but among whites, themselves. Cash belonged to a growing class of impoverished white farmers increasingly referred to by his contemporaries as "white trash," and recast by historian Neil Foley as "The White Scourge." In his book of the same title, Foley analyzes the impact of class and race consciousness on white tenants and sharecroppers in central Texas as they competed for farm labor with both African Americans and Mexicans from 1820 to 1940. Foley asserts, "The emergence of a rural class of 'white trash' made whites consci ous of themselves as a racial group and fearful that if they fell to the bottom, they would lose the racial privileges that came with being accepted for what they were not-black, Mexican, or foreign born."(7)** "The white scourge", the masses of impoverished whites held in limbo between privilege and denial, Foley asserts, is what informs race relations today. The heart of Foley's argument rests on an analysis of the intersection of race and economics or class. Indeed the two are joined at the hip, race being created and sustained out of competition for labor. On June 23, 1845, the Republic of Texas was annexed to the U.S. as a slave state. Foley notes "the annexation of Texas as a slave state†¦became the great white hope of northern expansionists anxious to emancipate the nation from blacks, who, it was hoped, would find a home among the kindred population of 'colored races' in Mexico."(20) But rather than uniting as kindred races, discord between poor whites, African Americans and Mexicans resulted from competition for farmland as either tenant farmers or sharecroppers. Foley argues that prior to the Civil War, there was a sharp line delineating tenant farmers and sharecroppers. Tenant farmers were almost always white, owned their own tools and rented land for a third of the cotton and a fourth of the grain harvested.

Roles of Gladiators in Roman Society

Gladiators were mostly unfree individuals either condemned criminals, prisoners of wars who had lost their citizenship rights, although, some of them were volunteers who were mostly freedmen or very low classes of freeborn men who chose to be a slave for monetary rewards or for the fame. Gladiators were brought for the purpose of gladiatorial combat and would endure branding, chains, flogging or death by the sword and subjected to a rigorous training, fed on a high-energy diet, and given expert medical attention.Gladiators were famously popular in ancient from for seven centuries, from the 3rd century BC to the 4th century AD fairly late in the Public occupied a prominent position in roman society, they would fight in massive amphitheatres, the most famous being the Colosseum in Rome. The games slowly transformed into spectator, a form of public execution and was seen by the public as entertainment in simpler, rougher times. It escalated as the Romans valued the art of killing and ac ted as a distraction for its citizens, allowed them to release their violent impulses and aggression within a completely separate social realm.We can assume that there were gladiatorial fights before this in Rome but were not recorded and the tradition of gladiatorial combats did not evolve in Rome but considered to have come from the Etruscans. The first recorded gladiatorial fight was in Rome during 264 BC at the funeral of Decimus Iunius Brutus Pera and was organised by his sons to pay honour to their deceased father. Three pairs of gladiators fought against each other to the death at his funeral pyre. It was believed that the ritually shed blood reconciled the dead with the living.We can assume that there were gladiatorial fights before this in Rome, but were not recorded and the tradition of gladiatorial combats did not evolve in Rome but considered to have come from the Etruscans. In Tomb 7 of the necropolis Gaudo near Paestum shows fighting between two men wearing attic helme ts of South-Italian type, armour and shields attacking each other with spears. This painting could depict the early types of gladiators and provides evidence that suggest Campania may be the origins of gladiators since the first amphitheatre was built there.Also, the historians Livius, Strabo and Silius Italicus state that at Campanian banquets gladiators fought to entertain the evening party. Gladiators were formed into troupes called â€Å"Familia gladiatorium† and owned by a person called Ianista who recruited, arranged for training and made decisions of where and when the gladiators fought. The gladiators were first asses by a Lanista, a doctor and gladiator trainers when entering gladiator school to commence training. Gladiator trainers who worked in schools were often retired gladiators who specialised in specific combat styles and weapons.There were different types of gladiators who focussed on different fighting styles and weapons that suited them. For example, those who fought in heavy armour weighed them down and were slower which made them require different techniques, while gladiators in light armour were fast and light. The gladiators did not wear Roman military amour since it would send the wrong political signal to the people. Instead they used the weaponry of non-Roman people, to play the role of the enemies. A wooden pole called a palus was used to practice moves with a sword, it allowed a gladiator o practise various strokes such as thrusting, cutting, and slicing.Trained gladiators had the possibility of surviving and even thriving. Some gladiators did not fight more than two or three times a year, and the best of them became popular heroes. After each fight they were paid, plus donations from the crowd and if he was able to outlive his opponents in the arena for 5 years, he would be free and granted citizenship which he could then become a gladiator trainer or a freelance bodyguard. Gladiators were distinguished by the kind of armour they wore, the weapon they use and they style of fighting.Usually gladiators stayed in one category, and matches were played so that they were 2 different categories of gladiators. Some classes are the Eques began their matches on horseback, but ended in hand-to-hand combat. They wore tunics, bronze helmets, round shields and a long sword. Another class was the Hoplomachus who fought with a long spear as well as a short sword or dagger; he wore a visored helmet with crest and long greaves over both legs to protect them since he carried only a small shield, usually round.The attacking class was the Provocator was the most heavily armed and the only one who wore a pectoral covering; the extent of the armour hindered the gladiator’s ability to dodge making it slower and agile. However, he was pair with another gladiator to assist him. Battles generally took place on the Roman Forum, until the mid 1st-century BC since there was no permanent amphitheatre. In the imperial period, gladiatorial games were traditionally held twice a year in December and March to mark the end of the year and beginning of spring.Gladiatorial combat involved beast hunting where the Romans had passion for hunting. For fighting beast, Romans preferred big and dangerous animals – bears, bulls, elephants and lions from the far reaches of the Roman Empire. Rarely did the animals survive these hunts though occasionally very few animals survived these hunts and defeat the hunter. Many of wild animals would be slaughter in a day. Usually criminals would battle the animals without weapons or armour and were considered the lowest class of participants in the games.Entry to the games was free. It was seen as a citizen’s right to see the games, not a luxury. However, there was frequently not enough room, leading to angry scuffles outside. Gladiatorial combat can be seen as an education of Roman values, notably, strength, courage, training/discipline, endurance and the contempt o f death. In other words, it demonstrated soldierly values by illustrating military ideas by punishing cowardly gladiators and praising the victors.The games served as a distraction to the general public of Roman society, by entertaining them was shows that kept them in good humour. The spectacles symbolised the emperor’s power, behaved contrary to their nature, such as the lions which allowed the hares to play in their mouths, and could be interpreted as a clear sign that they had been overwhelmed by a force greater than nature, the emperor. During spectacles, execution of criminals were displayed to make it clear that law and order were upheld, and served as a warning to the consequences to any law breakers.The pain inflicted was partnered with the criminal’s suffering served as a social order by degrading the criminal for the public to witness and regarded as someone who arrogates to himself certain rights to which he is not entitled. Additionally, provided excitemen t that the Romans enjoyed – indulging violence, bloodlust and cruelty, this was significant since the citizens of Rome was uneventful the military pursuits and civil war which had kept them entertained were by then over. Whatever happened in the arena, the spectators were on the winning side. They found comfort for death' wrote Tertullian with typical insight, ‘in murder'. Various well know Romans had different attitudes towards the games. Writers like Seneca may have expressed disapproval, but they attended the arena where the games were in process. He described the display as boring and therefore unworthy of the attention of a well-reasoned man. In a letter to a friend, he describes what he saw in the arena during the reign of Emperor Caligula: â€Å"There is nothing so ruinous to good character as to idle away one's time at some spectacle. Vices have a way of creeping in because of the feeling of pleasure that it brings.Why do you think that I say that I personally return from shows greedier, more ambitious and more given to luxury, and I might add, with thoughts of greater cruelty and less humanity, simply because I have been among humans? † Seneca was not alone in his view, Cicero, is widely opposed to gladiatorial games, wrote, â€Å"A gladiatorial show is apt to seem cruel and brutal to some eyes, and I incline to think that it is, as now conducted, but in the days when it was criminals who crossed swords in the death struggled there could be no better schooling against pain and death†.Ultimately, Cicero was not totally opposed to the idea of gladiatorial games but the concept of using free men as gladiators was cruel. The attitudes of high culture Romans, Cicero and Seneca differed to those of the general public. Their opinion on gladiatorial games was that they were flawed and inhumane and disapproved of it. A century and a half later, Pliny the younger too had no taste for the brutalities and viciousness of the gladiatorial shows.In his letter to Sempronius Rufus, he states that he wished that they would be abolished in Tome, as they degrade the character and morals of the whole world. Recommendations were given to soldiers to watch gladiatorial displays to take note of how gladiators fought without fear, because they represented the moral qualities which were required for a good soldier. Victorious gladiators conquered death by displaying his superior over his opponent. Even if the gladiator had to die he died the death of a Roman citizen through the sword.Besides, their lives were seen as models of courage and military discipline. One can conclude that, gladiators were criminals, having lost their citizen rights, who had no choice to become a gladiator, although, some citizens freely accepted being a gladiator for the rewards. The public admired and worshiped gladiators even though they were criminals; they displayed great courage and strength in their battles. It took the public’s minds of t hings providing them with a great spectacle entertained them and taking their minds of other issues.This was extremely popular to the Romans since they enjoyed violence and cruelty. Executions, made upheld Roman law for the public to witness serving as the possible consequences if an individual breached it. Soldiers took note of the valiance and heroism fighting with no fear displaying qualities essentially for any Roman soldier. Thus, gladiatorial combat was a display of nerve and skill which held a lot of importance in the culture and history of Ancient Rome.

When Does One Lose Innocence?

How Does One Lose Innocence? As seen in William Golding’s, Lord of the Flies The novel Lord of the Flies contains a story line of young English boys trapped on an island without any adult supervision. The boys soon lose their English manners and become uncivilized. The change is noticeable in each of the boys as they adapt to the uncivilized life on the island, but in the two main characters, Jack and Ralph, the change is most noticeable. In William Golding’s novel, Lord of the Flies, the characters transform from innocent schoolboys to savage boys guilty multiple counts of murder.Tragedy causes one to lose innocence and become savage. Jack’s first tragedy occurs after he loses the vote for chief and Ralph is elected for the position. This event is a tragedy to Jack because he thought that he should automatically be the island chief because he was the leader of the choir and when he was not elected chief he broke down. Jack’s raw emotions are shown because â€Å"the freckles on Jack’s face disappeared under a blush of mortification† (Golding 23).Jack knew that he could not be the leader because, though some thought he would be best suited for the job, Ralph was the one who blew the conch and Jack knew that the conch was the more powerful than any leader can be. Though Jack was the ideal leader because of his experience with the choir, he was unable to take the position because Ralph brought all the boys together and Ralph looked like a leader, â€Å"Jack started to protest but the clamor changed from the general wish for a chief to an election by acclaim of Ralph himself.None of the boys could have found good reason for this; what intelligence had been shown was traceable to Piggy while the most obvious leader was Jack. But there was a stillness about Ralph as he sat that marked him out: there was his size, and attractive appearance; and most obscurely, yet most powerfully, there was the conch† (Golding 22). Jack ’s embarrassment, rage, and disappointment start Jack’s down ward spiral from a young, civilized choirboy to a savage hunter and murderer. Ralph’s tragedy occurs after he realized that the boys could not stay civilized, which occurs after the death of Simon.Ralph knew that he was the reason for Simon’s death because he could not keep the boys civilized and together as a group though Piggy was unable to grasp the idea of the uncivilized behavior because he is the intellect of the society. The conversation between Piggy and Ralph shows the disappointment and frustration between the two. â€Å"Ralph laughed sharply as he said the word and Piggy frowned. ‘You’re still chief’ Ralph laughed again. ‘You are. Over us. ’ ‘I got the conch. ’ ‘Ralph! Stop laughing like that. Look, there ain’t no need, Ralph!What’s the other going to think? ’ At last Ralph stopped. He was shivering. ‘Pigg y. ’ ‘Uh? ’ ‘That was Simon. ’ ‘You said that before. ’ ‘Piggy. ’ ‘Uh? ’ ‘That was murder’† (Golding 156). Ralph is level headed until he has to face the tragedy of realizing that Simon is gone and he becomes unable to make decisions and forces Piggy to make decisions, which eventually leads to his inevitable death. â€Å"Ralph realistically confronts the problem of survival and works out a practical plan for rescue† (Dickson 218).Ralph is smart and he is the leader but his lack of confidence and the unwillingness of the group prevents him from keeping them all civilized. Unexpected negative change takes people by surprise and when people do not know what to do, they act out. Jack’s change occurs after he does not kill the pig on the first try. Jack thinks he is ready to hunt but he is not enlightened enough because he is still in the dark that shows he cannot be saved unless he changes back to whom he was but he cannot kill a pig until he changes to become uncivilized. He chokes.The choirboys believe in rules and civilization, he sings not kills, but he cannot bring himself to kill because he doesn’t have that instinct. â€Å"Jack stood there, streaming with sweat, streaked with brown earth, stained by all the vicissitudes of a day’s hunting. Swearing, he turned off the trail and pushed his way through until the forest opened a little and instead of bald trunks supporting a dark roof there were light grey trunks and crowns of feathery palm† (Golding 49). This event also embarrassed him because he insisted on being the headhunter.But then, Jack changes the instant he kills the pig. This is when his instinct takes over and the boys cannot go back from here because Jack’s transformation leads to him leaving the tribe. â€Å"Behind Jack walked the twins, carrying a great stake on their shoulders. The gutted carcass of a pig swung f rom the stake, swinging heavily as the twins toiled over the uneven ground’ (Golding 68). Jack, in front of course, proudly leads the group chanting, this chant shows the change, the change from civilized to savage, the loss of innocence.Ralph’s change comes when he realizes that there is no hope for all the survival of al the boys, which occurs after the death of Piggy and his banishment from Castle Rock. Ralph has hope. Ralph is swimming and relaxing like it’s a vacation at the start of the novel. Ralph is a dreamer. He brings the intellect and the physical together with his dreams, which make him the leader. His visions are the base of the society, which decline with his inability to dream. â€Å"Ralph lolled in the water.Sleep enveloped him like the swathing mirages that were wrestling with the brilliance of the lagoon† (Golding 14). His dreams create the reality for society and when he cannot dream, society cannot prosper. When Ralph transforms, the hope of the society is weaken, just like the strength of the leader, which causes the demise of the civilization. â€Å"Ralph’s transformation is both shocking and saddening†¦when Ralph is trapped in the underbrush, he wonders what a pig would do, for he is in the same position† (Dickson 218).This shows that Ralph has no hope for survival if he is asking a pig for advice because at the beginning of the novel Ralph was a symbol of hope and now at the end of the novel, Ralph has no hope for his own safety after the death of his friend, Piggy. Jack is cast as an individual in the beginning and in the end with his appearance and his actions. â€Å"The boy who controlled them was dressed in the same way though his cap badge was golden† (Golding 19). Jack was different from the other choirboys from the start which Ralph could see before he met Jack because the golden badge could be seen from all the way across the beach.Jack is an individual who first suggest tha t they all follow rules and then breaks the biggest rule of all: staying together. Jack’s individualism leads to his downfall and his inability to be the leader at the very end with the naval officer. â€Å"‘I’m not going to play any longer. Not with you. ’   Most of the boys were looking down now, at the grass or their feet. Jack cleared his throat again. ‘I’m not going to be apart of Ralph’s lot-‘ He looked along the right-hand logs, numbering the hunter that had been a choir. ‘I’m going off by myself.He can catch his own pigs. Anyone who wants to hunt when I do can come’† (Golding 127). Jack is individual from the golden badge to the formation of a new tribe and this is because of his instinct, which separates him from the rest of the tribe making him lose his innocence before the rest of the boys lose their innocence. Ralph’s individualism is not as noticeable as Jack’s because he is lead mostly by Piggy who gives him most of the ideas starting from the conch until the end of going to castle Rock while leads to his death.Ralph is referred to as â€Å"the fair boy,† he isn’t given a name until the near end of chapter 1 which is unlike all the other characters who are introduced with names. The boy with the fair hair†¦the fat boy†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Golding 7-8). This shows how Piggy and Ralph were lumped together from the beginning, dreams and intellect, the basis of the society. Ralph individualism is shown when he realizes that the conflict is inner, that the boys control themselves and that they control their own, individual, destinies.The boys can control their future with hope, the conch, and the fire, which are all individual symbols of Ralph. â€Å"The problem of physical existence solves itself—the island is rich in fruit and game and the climate is favorable. The real problem that arises among the boys involves their own inner natur e, and emerges most directly from a clash between those who wish to keep a fire burning on the island's mountain to attract rescuers and those who wish to hunt and indulge in what at first seems to be the natural inclination of children toward unrestrained play.The conflict begins in apparent childish innocence, and reaches its climax in acts of shocking brutality that carry far-reaching implications of guilt† (Johnston). Ralph’s inner conflict, his dreams, and his hope show his individualism, which keeps him civilized longer then Jack. The boys lose their innocence and their civility, though some more than others. Jack was effected by his disappointment and his individualism while Ralph was effected by his internal conflict and his inability to keep the boys civilized. The boys devolve throughout the novel from proper English schoolboys to savage murderers.

Micro Economics Fiori Pasta

1. Meet the Fiori family and its Fiori Pasta Company. Papa Don is the president, son Tony is vice-president of sales, and daughter Gina is vice-president of production. Fiori Pasta produces high-quality pasta products. It has estimated its demand curve for its pasta to be P=39. 898-0. 03757Q, This demand function has been given in terms of price. So to find the Total Revenue (TR) you need to multiply the above equation into Q (which is your quantity). TR=39. 898Q-0. 03757Q2 MR=39. 898-0. 0751Q where Q represents thousands of cartons (each containing five dozen packets of pasta) demanded per year by its wholesale customers.Its cost of producing this spaghetti has been estimated to be: TC = 2,500 + 12Q + 0. 01538Q2, where TC is measured in thousands of dollars. Fiori is having a management meeting to reconsider its pricing strategy. Its current price for the spaghetti is $27. 50 per carton. Since the current price is given we can estimate the current quantity to be 330 ,000 units. Don wants to maximize sales volume subject to earning a target profit of $500,000 per year. Tony wants to maximize sales revenue since his bonus payment varies directly with sales revenues.Gina wants to maximize profits so that the company can afford to install the latest high-tech manufacturing equipment. You have been hired to give an impartial analysis of pricing strategy for Fiori Pasta under the assumption that you will pursue a single price policy. a) As the consultant for Fiori Pasta, what price policy would maximize profits? b) What price policy will be chosen Tony Fiori? c) What price policy will Don Fiori choose? (Hint: plot the TR, TC, and Profit Function). Prepare your report for presentation at the Fiori management meeting and make your case for one particular price policy. For Revenue Maximization- Toni’s IdeaMR=0 MR=39. 898-0. 0751Q=0 When you solve for this you get the revenue sales maximizing quantity as Q=531,000 at a price of $19. 9 (this can be achieved by sub stituting the quantity of 531 into the demand equation given) Though in this method we are actually making losses as the price is low and the quantity isn’t enough to make up for the lost margin. Profit Maximization: Gina’s preference MR=MC MC= 12+0. 0308Q MR= Given above When you equate them to eachother you get the following profit maximizing quantity of 263,437 cartons at these are to be sold at a rice of $30 (you get this price by substituting the profit maximizing quantity into the emand equation given at the beginning) Quantity maximizing to achieve a profit 500,000 – Don’s preference Profit= Total Revenue- Total cost =39. 898Q-0. 03757Q2-2500-12Q-0. 01538 =52. 95Q2+27889Q-300,000 On solving this quadratic equation (which is basically a function on excel, she doesn’t expect anyone to actually solve it, though there is an equation ) You get two quantities= 376 and 151 So for the quantity of 376 we have a price of $25. 75 and $34. 24. I will ex plain this better later today. Hope it helps.

Apush Chapter

Slaves gets accuse of stealing for possessing items that they earn Slaves gets whip as a punishment 7) Summary: In this passage written by Frederick Douglas who was an escaped slave that became known as the greatest Black abolitionist of the time for sharing his terrible experience as a slave in order to stop slavery, it discusses the cruel treatments that the slaves are expose to.For instance, if the slaves perform at a poor rate or produces insufficient work, their master would hit them with a whip as a symbol of punishment. Sometimes, the master doesn't even need a reason to torment the slaves other than for his/ ere own satisfaction. In addition, Douglas who was a slave for the majority of his life, claims that the laws created by the Southern states were unfair since it was design to give the master full control over the slaves which took away their freedom.Moreover, Douglas supported his idea by repeating the same phrase and adding the different things that were restricted agai nst the slaves such as earning a proper education, receiving good food/clothes, and working hard to make money. Furthermore, Douglas asserts that the physical cruelties that are brought upon the slaves are sufficiently harassing and revolting since t inflicts on the mental, moral and religious nature of the helpless victims.All of these reasons explain why Douglas decided to risk his life in order to escape from his master to become a free and independent African American. 2) The â€Å"Blessings† of the Slave (1849) 3) Author: Solon Robinson 4) Author's Position: Supports the African American community. Against masters who abuses their slaves. 5) Bias: Robinson was born in Connecticut but he soon moved to Indiana which to become a trader and agriculturist which changed his views on slaves to look at them more positively. 6) Arguments:It is hard to find anyone around the world who likes being poor and control by the upper classes Freeing the slaves can be consider as a punishm ent for the slaves since God has deprived them of it The slaves has worked hard to meet their master expectations Over-driving slaves is the poorest way to get work out of them Slaves can't be force to do more than a certain amount of work The masters are only treating their slaves kindly because of self-interest The deep South is known for its cruelty towards the slaves The large plantations owners make the slaves perform tasks more regularly or bigger audiences 7) Summary: In this excerpt written by Solon Robinson who was a Puritan born and raised in Connecticut that switch from being a Yankee peddler to being a trader and agriculturist, discusses the benefits that some slaves has over the others as well as the poor conditions that they live in.First off, Solon admits that nobody in this society would ever Want to trade in their luxurious, relaxing and comfortable life in for a poor one fill with sufferings and tragedy. However, slaves also gets to enjoy some these factors such as the fine uniforms and full course meals that is given to them after a Eng and hard day at work. In addition, Solon supports his claims by explaining that he has witness very few plantations that abuse their slaves since it is looked down upon. Moreover, Solon describes how as the consumer market expands, the owners must force their slaves to work at a faster rate to reach the amount of products that gets demanded and the only effective way for them to do this is by using physical force.However, the owners obviously knows that the slaves too have limits which means that they can't perform more than a certain amount of tasks given to them. Furthermore, Solon confess from experience that as times goes by, the masters are becoming more temperate and better men so they treat the slaves better, but mainly because of self-interest. Solon the ends on a determine note on how the inhumane people who abuses their slaves will eventually gets punish for their wrong actions. 2) Comparing Slave L abor and Wage Labor (1850) 3) Author: Cartoonist from Boston 4) Author's Position: Supports Slavery 5) Bias: The British thinks that slavery in England was good.They wanted to prove that slavery conditions was different in various places 6) Arguments: Slaves in Southern America are very happy Slaves in England are peaceful The slaves are calm and collective 7) Summary: The picture illustrated in this cartoon that was published in Boston signifies the different slaves conditions in Southern America as compared to England. The author supports slavery so he/she drew the slaves looking very happy and even celebrating with music in the â€Å"Slavery as it exists in America† picture. Then in the â€Å"Slavery as it exists in England† image, it shows the slave and his owner talking to each other casually and other people being shock about it.

Negative side of Iraq War

There has been great controversy involved with the Iraq war. This article shall analyze the negative sides of the Iraq war and its detrimental consequences to US, its allies, people of Iraq and the rest of the world.  The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks that destroyed Twin Towers, part of the Pentagon and caused death of over 3000 people was the principal initiating cause of the Iraq war.The attack was seen as attack of a medieval and sectarian ideology of terror on the principles of democracy, justice, liberty, freedom humanity and equality that the Twin Towers and ultimately USA represent. Faced with the challenge of safeguarding these ideals as well as necessity of safeguarding its own national security concerns, USA started waged a war to destroy the axis of terrorism and hatred. In this effort Iraq became the second frontier after liberation of Afghanistan in the campaign to root out axis of terror and evil, restore humanitarian values and justice world over (Teson, 2005) .The course of war over last four yearsUnited States formally declared war on Saddam Hussein’s regime on 20th March, 2003 and within three weeks, on 9th April 2003, the unprecedented strength and force of coalition armies was successful in ending a tyrannical rule that was holding soul and spirit of Iraq in capture over several decades (Aday, Cluverius, Livingston, 2005). However, the end of Saddam Hussein’s regime did not bring end of the war, or the continued presence of allied forces in Iraq. This in itself was the strongest proof that US’s concern in the war ran much beyond merely overthrowing the incumbent tyrannical rule, and that it was fully committed to democracy and peace in Iraq.This commitment to democratic ideals has cost US much more than its first objective of ending former Iraqi government. While it lost only 139 soldiers before the President of United States declared an official end of combat in may 2003, the number of casualties since then has crossed over 3000, and going up even today (Aday, Cluverius, Livingston, 2005, Iraq Coalition Casualties, 2007). Most of these deaths have been due to suicide attacks and rebel attacks by loyalists of the former dictators. Many other have been engineered by al-Queda terror cells in Iraq, that have claimed military along with high number of civilian lives on almost routine basis, creating difficulties in Iraq’s transition to democracy.Consequences of Iraq warWhether seen from economic, ethical, and political point of view or from perspective of human sufferings and causality, Iraq war has spawned a web of troubles and problems that have continued to take their toll on every one involved with the campaign.  The economic costs of Iraq war are huge and involve not just the direct expenditure on US military campaign, but also the cost of war on Iraqi economy, cost of rebuilding Iraqi infrastructure and impact on oil market (Nordhaus, 2002, 55).The initial estimates of cost of Ir aq war were projected anywhere from US $ 100 million to US $ 100 billion, although even that was considered an overestimation (Bilmes and Stiglitz, 2006). Very soon the initial estimates were proved wrong and plans for budgetary allocations showed that even congress was estimating the cost of war to be in excess of $ 500 billion. But even this cost was an under projection of the final cost which, in the final analysis of events, shoots upward a staggering $1.3 trillion (Yglesias, 2006).This includes the cost of insurance, medical help, and disability payment made out to soldiers injured or killed in the Iraq campaign. With government’s valuation of a male in prime age at $ 6 million, as determined by environmental and safety regulations, the total cost from casualties alone goes to $ 12 billion (Bilmes and Stiglitz, 2006).Another critical economic cost suffered emanates from diminished American reputation and prestige in Middle Eastern countries and countries hostile to the c oncept of Iraq war. In these countries American products have lost favor, and American companies no more the first choice to do business with (ibid). As the war has resulted in increase in oil prices, it also threatens to result in increasing prices of various commodities and severely affecting transportation sector, especially the aviation sector where many companies are facing bankruptcy prospects (Bilmes and Stiglitz, 2006).Many analysts have also stated that the money spent in Iraq war might had been better used in strengthening the education and health care system of USA and thus the country has been robbed of benefits worth billion of dollars due to diverted and improvident expenditure on Iraq war (Wilson, 2006)  Another negative consequence of Iraq war is the number of casualties and lives lost during the course of the war. Since the beginning of war US military has suffered 3190 deaths whereas 23758 soldiers have been wounded so far (Griffs, 2007).It is important to see th at these deaths and casualties are not merely figures and statistics. They represent bright, ambitious and young sons, capable to achieve much in their life, and contribute to the US future in a much better way than to be killed or maimed permanently by a roadside bomb, or an ambush (Grigg, 2006). There are thousands of soldiers who, despite escaping death, have been crippled and suffered permanent loss of their limbs, vision, and disfiguration. These losses to life and health cannot be measured in terms of economic costs and they amount to a life time of agony and pain to survivors and their relatives.The war has also resulted in death of around 60,000 civilian deaths in Iraq (Casualties in Iraq war, 2007). Thousands of   Men, women, and children have been killed by suicide attacks, burnt to death in their own home, entire families have been wiped away and thousands of families in Iraq have lost their sole bread earner (Savoy, 2004). Today they are faced with a grim prospect of u ncertain and hard life staring at them.Iraq war has also a deep moral underside. US initiated the war with claims that Iraq possessed large consignments of weapons of mass destruction and with allegations that Iraq had links with al Queda as well was somewhere responsible in September   11. 2001 events (Pfiffner, 2004). However, as it turned out, these reports were completely fictitious and created just in order to give credence to the US case against Iraq (Enemark and Michalesen, 2005).No amount of manipulation of facts and findings could produce any substance to the allegations against Iraq. As a matter of fact, on September 18th, 2003 President Bush surprised many when he admitted that there was no evidence of Iraq’s connection with World Trade Center attacks (Pfiffner, 2004). Even the war in Iraq was no more projected as a war against terror network, but as a war to liberate Iraqi people from tyranny of Saddam Hussein- a claim that was hitherto absent in pre war argumen ts and preparations. These switching of statements greatly damaged US credibility and soured its relations with many important countries such as Germany and France.The road aheadAlthough the USA and coalition countries’ military objective of Iraq war were completed with dethroning, capture and finally execution of Saddam Hussein, their continued presence have not served either the interests of Iraqi population or the interests of coalition military personnel. As the most satisfying argument, it can be stated that Iraq has successfully removed its former tyrannical ruler, and with elections it has achieved at least semblance of a democratic order, its complete transition to democracy is yet incomplete due to intense internal conflicts and complexities. However, the US has suffered a great and completely unnecessary ordeal through this entire episode that may potentially affect its strategic and economic leverage and its worldwide reputation.ReferencesSean A, Cluverius J, and L ivingston S. 2005.   As Goes the Statue, So Goes the War: The Emergence of the Victory Frame in Television Coverage of the Iraq War. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media. Volume: 49. Issue: 3. Page Number: 314+Kaufman, Whitley. What's Wrong with Preventive War? the Moral and Legal Basis for the Preventive Use of Force. Ethics ; International Affairs. Volume: 19. Issue: 3.: 2005. Page Number: 23+.Teson, Fernando R ‘Ending Tyranny in Iraq’. ‘Ethics ; International Affairs’ Volume: 19. Issue: 2:Nordhaus, W.D. 2002. War with Iraq-Cost, Consequence and Alternatives. American Academy of Arts and Science.Yglesias, M. 2006.   $1.27 Trillion: The American Prospect. Volume: 17. Issue: 7. Publication Date: July-August 2006. Page Number: 28+.Bilmes, L and Stiglitz, J.E. 2006. The Economic Costs of Iraq War; An appraisal three years after the beginning of the conflict. Accessed on net, 11.03.2007. http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article11495.htmWilson , J. Jan 7, 2006. Iraq war could cost US over $ 2 billion. The Guardian. Accessed on net 11.03.2007 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/jan/07/usa.iraqGriffs, M. 2007. Casualties in Iraq-The Human Cost of Occupation. AntiWar.com Accessed on web 11.03.2007. http://www.antiwar.com/casualties/Grigg, W.N. January 9, 2006.Bring ‘Em Home! The New American. Volume: 22. Issue:. Page Number: 12+Savoy, P. 2004. The Moral Case against the Iraq War The Nation. Volume: 278. Issue: 21.Page Number: 16:Enemark, C and Michalesen, C. 2005. Just War Doctrine and the Invasion of Iraq.The Australian Journal of Politics and History. Volume: 51. Issue: 4Pfiffner, J.P. 2004. Did President Bush Mislead the Country in His Arguments for War with Iraq? Presidential Studies Quarterly. Volume: 34. Issue: 1. Publication Year: 2004. Page Number: 25+

Oroonoko Close Reading (Anti- Slavery Text) Research Paper

Oroonoko Close Reading (Anti- Slavery Text) - Research Paper Example So, Oroonoko puts on various identities as a novel, as a travelogue, or colonial discourse than an anti-slavery text. The narration presents contradictions in the perspectives of the fictionalized author narrator and the hero, Oroonoko and creates doubts about its characteristics as an anti-slavery text. Set in the seventeenth century, Oroonoko is often seen as a precursor of the anti-slavery literature which became popular later during the nineteenth centuries. Norton Anthology says that â€Å"In the early 1660s, when the events described in Behns  Oroonoko are supposed to have taken place, England was not yet a major power in the slave trade† (The Norton Anthology of English Literature). This has Oroonoko as a reference text when it comes to details on slave trade.   In its section on the biography of Aphra Behn, the anthology says that the novel had great impact on people who fought against slavery and slave trade. Oroonoko also has been critically acclaimed to be an anti-slavery text by many critics. Laura Brown in her â€Å"the Romance of Empire: Oroonoko and the Trade in Slaves† says that, "the novella had been recognized as a seminal work in the tradition of antislavery writings from the time of its publication down to our own period"(42). Oroonoko captures the transatlantic slave trade and is set in the colonial Africa and West Indies. One of the most outstanding aspects of the novella is that Oroonoko has an African prince as its hero. Though set in the British colonies, it is unlike a mere travelogue or a documentary. On the other hand, it makes a strong statement regarding slavery in its portrayal of the cruelties of slavery. The details about the process of slave trade are described. The author of Oronooko says, â€Å"Who want slaves make a bargain with a master or a captain of a ship, and contract to pay him so much apiece, a matter of twenty pound a

Principles of Law Enforcement Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Principles of Law Enforcement - Case Study Example In addition, the paper will talk about responsibilities of the fusion center once the list is compiled in relation to the scenario. Question 1: Categories of critical infrastructure that should concern law enforcers Critical infrastructure was a term that came to be used in the military during the mid 90’s. Meteoric increase in cyber communications linked the infrastructures which were vital to the economy and defense of many countries. The common infrastructures are owned and run by private sectors. They include telecommunications, gas/ oil storage and transportation, electrical power systems, banking and finance, water supply, transportation and emergency services. The critical infrastructures are divided in two categories; physical threat (damage to tangible property), and cyber attack (threat to the electronic/ computer-based systems). Law enforcers should issue threat and warning notices whenever they notice of any risks posed by these critical infrastructures. Question 2 : Structures that should be listed as critical targets A structure that stands critically always to be checked by law enforcement bodies falls as the use of force in reporting (Arcaro 68). Some of the structures that should be considered as critical targets in the country include telecommunications, gas/ oil storage and transportation, electrical power systems, banking and finance, water supply, transportation and emergency services. Policing requires that sometimes an officer must implement control of an assaultive, violent, or resisting individual to carry out an arrest, or to defend the officer, other officers, or individuals of the common public from a risk of impending harm. Question 3: Should local politics be involved in developing principles of law enforcement In many rival states, core governing bodies like the legislation, police and judiciary all too often operated as separate entities. Modest support existed, and they often clashed over who would control productive sourc es of revenue such as imposing â€Å"taxes† for services and selling jobs to diverse criminal enterprises (Arcaro 69). These diverse enterprises involved trafficking in children and women, stealing, narcotics, diamonds and similar resources. These organs hardly ever fulfilled their duties as defined by law, which was one of the direct causes of the divergence. So a major test, for mediators will be to assist professionalizes each of these organs while at the same time build bridges between and among them where restricted earlier exchanges existed. Overcoming turf awareness and insular instincts tend to be difficult, especially where power and control falls as a finite factor, and one group’s gain leads to another’s loss (Arcaro 70). Question 4: Way forward for fusion centers Fusion centers play a crucial role in collection, evaluation and distribution of information on terrorism to other law enforcers in order to maintain peace in a country. Some disciplines suc h as the law enforcement characterize a core constituent of the fusion process in connection with the relationship between terrorism and crime and also the fact that these authorities are suited to coordinate such efforts both locally and statewide. A set of procedure for the way forward for fusion centers of the local includes the following: 1. They ought to recognize the names of all police officers in their centers. Maintain a precise and updated record of all law enforcement officers